Zitat:CHINA

Immer häufiger werden “halboffizielle” Erklärungen zur Sinnhaftigkeit von Flugzeugträgern, und ein (erstes) solches Schiff dürfte denn auch schon bald auf Kiel gelegt werden.

Oft als „Nebenkriegsschauplatz“ betrachtet, aber doch in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang damit zu sehen, ist der Erwerb von Flugzeugen, die von künftigen Trägern operieren sollen. Auch deren Beschaffung benötigt einen mehrjährigen zeitlichen Vorlauf, nicht zuletzt zur Ausbildung von Piloten (ein erster – noch weitgehend theoretischer - Basislehrgang soll im Herbst des letzten Jahres begonnen haben).

Chinas Hauptaugenmerk gilt russischen Trägerkampfflugzeugen vom Typ Suchoi Su-33 Flanker, wie sie auch auf dem russischen Flugzeugträger ADMIRAL KUZNETSOV eingesetzt werden. Verhandlungen über einen Erwerb solcher Flugzeuge sollen schon vor einigen Jahren begonnen haben, allerdings nicht so recht von der Stelle kommen.

Nachdem China zunächst bis zu 50 dieser Flugzeuge haben wollte, war dann plötzlich nur noch von einer Bestellung von zwei Maschinen die Rede. Die Chinesen erklärten, vor einer größeren Bestellung müsse man die Flugzeuge erst einmal „ausgiebig testen“. Die russische Rüstungsexportbehörde wurde sofort misstrauisch. Sicher nicht ohne Grund vermutet man, dass die Chinesen die Flugzeuge weniger für Erprobungen haben möchten, sondern vielmehr als Basis für die Herstellung eigener Kopien.

Die Verhandlungen sind seitdem fest gefahren. Russland betont allerdings, dass sie entgegen einiger Medienmeldungen beileibe nicht gescheitert seien. Man sei zuversichtlich, sich langsam entgegen zu kommen. Nach letzten Meldungen hat China seinen „Bedarf“ inzwischen mit 12 Su-33 Flanker beziffert. Russland sieht die Untergrenze einer Bestellung bei 24 Maschinen. Bei geringeren Stückzahlen werde die Fertigung einer Serie für den Hersteller unrentabel.

Zitat:China skizziert Einsatzbereiche für seinen ersten Flugzeugträger
17:56 | 17/ 04/ 2009

PEKING, 17. April (RIA Novosti). Nachdem der chinesische Admiral Wu den Bau modernster großer Kriegsschiffe angekündigt hat, skizziert sein Kollege Zhang bereits Aufgaben für den ersten chinesischen Flugzeugträger.
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Unter anderem gehe es um die umstrittenen Spratly-Inseln, so Zhang. ...

Zitat:Indien akzeptiert Chinas Anspruch auf eigenen Flugzeugträger
15:46 | 22/ 04/ 2009
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Zitat:China may build up to six aircraft carriers

C. Raja Mohan Posted: Wednesday, Apr 22, 2009 at 1612 hrs IST

New Delhi: At the Chinese Navy’s coming out party this week in the northern port of Qingdao, the buzz is all about aircraft carriers.
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The enthusiasts of sea-power in China insist that without aircraft carriers, China will be unable to secure its growing interests far from the national shores and in defending against threats to its massive sea-borne trade. They highlight the fact that China is the only major power in the world today without a carrier capability.
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Chinese and international media have been speculating that China is building two aircraft carriers with plans to commission the first in 2015.

More recent reports suggest that Chinese leadership has taken a political decision to build not just two, but four to six aircraft carriers. For many aircraft carriers are a mere political symbol and a costly one at that. ...

Zitat:Breaking News! Varyag Carrier has departed from Dalian Shipyard
Posted on 27 April 2009
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Zitat:Der frühere sowjetische Flugzeugträger VARYAG hat am 27. April seinen bisherigen Liegeplatz im Hafen von Dalian verlassen.

Das 67.000 ts große Schiff wurde im Hafenbereich von Dalian in ein etwa 5 km entferntes „spezielles“ Dock der Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Corporation verholt. Die japanische Zeitung Asahi Shimbun berichtet unter Berufung auf „offizielle chinesische Quellen“, dass die Installation von u.a. Antriebsanlage und Schiffselektrik abgeschlossen sei. Angeblich soll das Schiff seine Verlegung auch bereits aus eigener Kraft durchgeführt haben. Fotos von der kurzen Reise durch den Hafen von Dalian lassen tatsächlich keinerlei feste Schleppverbindungen erkennen.

VARYAG wird durch den Hafen von Dalian bugsiert (Foto: Chinese Defence Forum)
Dennoch sind Zweifel an dieser Aussage angebracht. Verlegungen im Hafen werden – bei entsprechenden Wetterlagen – durchaus auch einmal ohne feste Schleppverbindungen durchgeführt. Mehrere Bugsierschlepper halten und schieben ein Schiff dann von allen Seiten. Dies ist auch auf den Bildern zu erkennen. Auffallend ist, dass die VARYAG – vor allem auch im Heckbereich - unverändert hoch aus dem Wasser ragt; hier sind kaum Unterschiede zu früheren Fotos zu sehen, was gegen einen erfolgten Einbau einer schweren Antriebsanlage spricht. Im Heckbereich ist überdies deutlich zu erkennen, wie das Ruder zum Teil aus dem Wasser ragt; as fehlen allerdings jegliche Wasserverwirbelungen (Kielwasser, Schaum) hinter dem Schiff, wie sie bei drehenden Schrauben zu erwarten wären. So bleiben zum tatsächlichen technischen Status der VARYAG erst einmal doch Fragen offen.

noch immer 'leere' Aufbauten (Foto: Chinese Defence Forum)
Am neuen Liegeplatz soll – so Asahi Shimbun - die Ausrüstung des Schiffes mit Radargeräten und anderer Elektronik nun zügig komplettiert werden. Jüngste Fotos zeigen, dass auf den Aufbauten nach wie vor keinerlei Geräte installiert sind. Der Rohbau der VARYAG (67.000 ts, Schwesterschiff der russischen ADMIRAL KUZNETSOV) war 2002 von der Ukraine gekauft worden (angeblich für zivile Verwendung als schwimmendes Kasino) und wird seitdem in Dalian instand gesetzt. Militärische Bewachung, vor allem aber die Dauer der Arbeiten ließen schnell eine militärische Verwendung wahrscheinlich werden.

2006 war in chinesischen Internetforen die Rede von der Absicht, die ex-VARYAG als Ausbildungsträger zu nutzen. Sogar ein angeblicher künftiger Name (SHI LANG) wurde bereits genannt. Damals war über den Beginn erster Probefahrten in See schon in 2009 spekuliert worden.

Zitat:Brazil and China cooperate in Carrier Training

Zitat:Defesa@Net 13 Maio 2009
MB 05 Maio 2009

Marinha do Brasil

Comandante da Marinha em visita à China
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Zitat:Defesa@Net 13 Maio 2009



Ministro da Defesa fala à Defesa@Net

Entrevista com o Sr Ministro da Defesa Nelson Jobim no dia 09 Maio, durante a Festa da Cavalaria, Parque Histórico Marechal Osório(RS) .
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Defesa@Net - Há uma série de aproximações militares com a China. Como o Senhor vê essa aproximações com a China no âmbito do Ministério da Defesa?
Min Jobim - A aproximação com a China está mais voltada para a Marinha. Eles (os chineses) querem que a Marinha do Brasil seja o elemento de ligação para a criação da Marinha Chinesa. A China não tem uma marinha. Inclusive nós vamos trazer oficiais chineses para cá. Eles farão estágio. Lógico que terão de aprender português.

Eles farão estágio no porta-aviões São Paulo. Os chineses já estão adquirindo porta-aviões para projeção de poder na região, que é uma situação completamente diferente da nossa. Estou indo à China entre setembro ou outubro.
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Zitat:Marineros chinos realizarán prácticas en Brasil
20.05.2009 Actualizado a las 08:42:12

BRASILIA, 19 may (Xinhua) -- La Marina de Brasil ofrecerá entrenamiento a oficiales de la Marina del Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) de China, especialmente en la operación de portaaviones, informó hoy el ministro de Defensa de Brasil, Nelson Jobim. ....

Zitat:Brasilia, May 19 (Xinhua) - Brazilian Defense Minister Nelson - Jobim (Nelson Jobim) today announced that Brazil will be the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLA) naval officer to provide training, especially with regard to the operation of an aircraft carrier.
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Zitat:Chinese Carrier Goes Into Dry Dock

by James Dunnigan

May 14, 2009

China has moved its aircraft carrier, the Shi Lang, into dry dock, apparently to install engines and other heavy equipment. A year ago, the Russian aircraft carrier Varyag was renamed the Shi Lang (after the Chinese general who took possession of Taiwan in 1681, the first time China ever paid any attention to the island) and given the pennant number 83. The Chinese have been refurbishing the Varyag, one of the Kuznetsov class that Russia began building in the 1980s, for five years now. It is expected to be ready for sea trials by the end of the year. Maybe. No one is sure exactly what plans the Chinese have for the Shi Lang, although work has been going on for years, and it's believed that the carrier will eventually be used to train the first generation of Chinese carrier aviators and sailors.
The Varyag has been tied up in a Chinese shipyard at Dailan since 2002. While the ship is under guard, it can be seen from a nearby highway. From that vantage point, local military and naval buffs have noted that some kind of work is being done on the ship. The only visible signs of this work are a new paint job (in the gray shade used by the Chinese navy) and ongoing work on the superstructure (particularly the tall island on the flight deck.) Many workers can be seen on the ship, and material is seen going into (new stuff) and out of (old stuff) the ship. Shipyard workers report ever tighter security on the carriers, and stern instructions to workers to not report details of what is happening on the carriers.
Originally the Kuznetsovs were to be 90,000 ton, nuclear powered ships, similar to American carriers (complete with steam catapults). Instead, because of the high cost, and the complexity of modern (American style) carriers, the Russians were forced to scale back their plans, and ended up with the 65,000 ton (full load ) ships that lacked steam catapults, and used a ski jump type flight deck instead. Nuclear power was dropped, but the Kuznetsov class was still a formidable design. The thousand foot long carrier normally carries a dozen navalized Su-27s (called Su-33s), 14 Ka-27PL anti-submarine helicopters, two electronic warfare helicopters and two search and rescue helicopters. But the ship can carry up to 36 Su-33s and sixteen helicopters. The ship carries 2,500 tons of aviation fuel, allowing it to generate 500-1,000 aircraft and helicopter sorties. Crew size is 2,500 (or 3,000 with a full aircraft load.) Only two ships of this class exist; the original Kuznetsov, which is in Russian service, and the Varyag. Currently, the Kuznetsov is operating in the Mediterranean.
The Chinese have been in touch with Russian naval construction firms, and may have purchased plans and technology for equipment installed in the Kuznetsov. Some Chinese leaders have quipped about having a carrier by 2010 (this would have to be a refurbished Varyag). Even that would be an ambitious schedule, and the Chinese have been burned before when they tried to build new military technology in a hurry.
Late last year, China announced that its first class of carrier aviators had begun training at the Dalian Naval Academy. The naval officers will undergo a four year course of instruction to turn them into fighter pilots capable of operating off a carrier. China already has an airfield, in the shape of a carrier deck, built at an inland facility. The Russians have warned China that it may take them a decade or more to develop the knowledge and skills needed to efficiently run an aircraft carrier. The Chinese are game, and are slogging forward.

Zitat:AGÊNCIA OF THE NEWS XINHUA - CHINA

Chinese sailors will realise practices in Brazil

BRASILIA, 19 may (Xinhua) -- The Navy of Brazil will offer training to officials of Navy of the Popular Army of Liberación (EPL) of China, especially in the operation of aircraft carrier, today informed the minister into Defense of Brazil, Nelson Jobim.
The minister said east Tuesday to the press that the cooperation was decided during the visit commander of Brazilian Navy, Carlos Soares de Net Moura, to the Asian country in April, by the celebration of the 60 anniversary of the foundation of the Navy of the EPL. " Admiral Net Moura was in China, and we committed ourselves to receive officials Chinese to train them in the Brazilian ships, and including in the Sao Paulo aircraft carrier " , Jobim said. " China wants to retake its Navy, but precise instruction, therefore it remembered that they would come Chinese to train, to learn. They mainly are interested in portaaviones" , he added. In last March, the minister of Defense of China, general Liang Guanglie, put of manifesto the necessity that China owns an aircraft carrier, because it is the unique country between the main powers of the world that does not own it. The Brazilian minister stood out that the naval-army cooperation can be the departure point for others initiatives in the defense area. " With China which we have in the field of Defense it is that possibility. And you know that he begins with that, later the things go away sucediendo" , he indicated. Jobim anticipated in addition that opportunely he himself will go to China to define the details of that general agreement. China maintains a Strategic Alliance with Brazil from 1993, that includes a flood cooperation in the technological area, and this year happened to be its main commercial partner, surpassing to the United States. During the visit to Peking that president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva initiated east Monday was decided in addition a loan to 10,000 million dollars granted by the Development bank of China for oil state Petrobra's. With the referred credit, oil Brazilian prentende to extend the petroleum exploration in I milk submarine continental Brazilian.

Zitat:The New China-Brazil Axis
From: Tapped By: Robert Farley

Last week, an interview at a Brazilian defense website revealed that China and Brazil had come to an agreement regarding the training of Chinese naval personnel on board the Sao Paulo, Brazil's only aircraft carrier.
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(05/27/2009 Wed 10:37am)

Zitat:May 22, 2009
A 'Dragon-Jaguar' Alliance?

Chinese President Hu Jintao and Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva oversaw the signing of 13 strategic cooperation accords during a Brazilian delegation's visit to Beijing, which ended Wednesday.
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Zitat:PLAN Officers to Train on Brazilian Aircraft Carrier
Publication: China Brief Volume: 9 Issue: 12
June 12, 2009 10:14 AM Age: 7 days

By: Russell Hsiao
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Zitat:Brazil To Train Chinese Naval Officers

June 14, 2009
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The Brazilian Minister of Defence has stated that Brazil and China have reached an agreement to train Chinese naval personnel in Brazil. Chinese officers will be stationed aboard the NAe São Paulo, Brazil’s aircraft carrier. A Brazilian spokesperson indicated that the Chinese want aircraft carriers to project power. The Brazilians hope that this agreement will lead to defence cooperation in other areas.
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