UAV / UCAV - Drohnen

[Quintus Fabius]

Irgendwann 2003 rum verwendete ich erstmals den Begriff Luftüberlegensheitsdrohne. Irgendwann 2010 rum schrieb ich das erst Mal von Stealth-Drohnen welche primär als Luftüberlegensheitsjäger dienen. Irgendwann 2012 rum schrieb phantom das erste Mal darüber, Luftüberlegenheitsdrohnen von Kampfflugzeugen aus einzusetzen, so dass die Drohne vom Kampfflugzeug aus startet (welches also de facto als Drohnenträger agiert) und dann die Drohne selbst Raketen verwendet. Hier und heute:

https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/41...-rendering

General Atomics Unveils New "LongShot" Aircraft-Launched Air-To-Air Combat Drone Rendering

General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, or GA-ASI, has revealed for the first time an artist’s impression of a missile-carrying air-to-air combat drone that it is developing as part of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s LongShot program. GA-ASI, as well as Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman, is working on this project, which calls for an unmanned aircraft that can be launched in mid-air from a manned aircraft before flying into potentially more hazardous environments and engaging aerial threats using its own missiles.

[Quintus Fabius]

Drohnenangriff auf einen Tanker (vermutlich durch den Iran):

https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/...-near-oman

The United States and the United Kingdom joined Israel on Sunday in alleging Iran carried out a fatal drone strike on an oil tanker off the coast of Oman in the Arabian Sea, putting further pressure on Tehran as it denied being involved in the assault.

Calling it an “unlawful and callous attack,” British Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab said his country and its allies planned a coordinated response over the strike Thursday night on the oil tanker Mercer Street. U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken soon followed, saying there was “no justification for this attack, which follows a pattern of attacks and other belligerent behavior.”

The strike on the Mercer Street marked the first-known fatal attack after years of assaults on commercial shipping in the region linked to tensions with Iran over its tattered nuclear deal.

While no one has claimed responsibility for the attack, Iran and its militia allies have used so-called “suicide” drones in attacks previously, which crash into targets and detonate their explosive payloads. However, Israel, the U.K. and the responding U.S. Navy have yet to show physical evidence from the strike or offer intelligence information on why they blame Tehran.

Und hier noch was zu senkrecht startenden und landenden Drohnen für Drohnenschwärme:

https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/41...ding-drone

Die Tschechei investiert derweilen in ihre Drohnenabwehr, deren primäres Problem ist überhaupt festzustellen ob Drohnen da sind und wo diese sind (siehe Berg-Karrabach):

https://www.czdefence.com/article/the-cz...l-vehicles

[Quintus Fabius]

Die Ukraine führt erstmals ihre neuen türkischen TB-2 Drohnen vor:

https://defence-blog.com/ukraine-to-para...irst-time/

[Quintus Fabius]

Neue russische Kampfdrohne soll 2022 zulaufen:

https://defence-blog.com/russia-unveils-...bat-drone/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_S-70_Okhotnik-B

Während die USA Drohnen für logistische Aufgaben ausbauen und den Drohnenflug von einem Schiff zu einem anderen Schiff testen:

https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/41...ry-vessels

[Quintus Fabius]

https://warontherocks.com/2021/08/the-mi...-playbook/

The Militant Drone Playbook

[Quintus Fabius]

https://mwi.usma.edu/whats-the-buzz-abou...lutionary/

What’s the Buzz About Drones? Evolutionary, Not Revolutionary

If the PKK-Turkey conflict is any indicator, drones aid—but cannot replace—the counterinsurgent infantry who patrol up mountains and down into caves. Turkey’s continued use of ground infantry suggests that a light-footprint approach of relying on airpower cannot provide a military solution to counter an insurgency. Turkey possesses sophisticated air assets yet has realized that boots on the ground are needed to defeat guerrillas. Turkey’s operations are a heavy footprint, with thousands of ground troops deployed, trees cut down, and roads built. It is an effort to kill guerrillas, not win hearts and minds. This is like Israel’s strategy of “mowing the lawn,” an operational solution to overcome the inability of politics to secure Turkey’s Kurdish south.

On the other hand, the proliferation of drones does not create a revolutionary advantage for the insurgent. The PKK is innovative and tries a variety of methods to inflict casualties on Turkey. Yet intermittent mortar rounds dropped from small, commercial drones do not outweigh the disruption that the state’s drones cause to guerrilla operations. Drones will likely continue to be a force multiplier that favors a determined counterinsurgent.

The strength of drones suggests medium-footprint strategies of working through determined local proxies might be the best strategy for the United States when facing irregular wars. Determined local proxies can provide boots on the ground, while the long loiter time and precision nature of US drones would be a high force multiplier. “Drones + proxies” might be the new formula for irregular warfare.

Meiner Auffassung nach ist die Schlußfolgerung des Autors im letzten Absatz falsch. Drohnen sind in dieser Art ungeeignet und sind dies noch umso mehr, wenn die Stellvertreter am Boden ebenfalls ungeignet sind.

[Quintus Fabius]

Drohnen in Äthiopien. Der Tag ist eigentlich erreicht, in dem irgendwelche Dritte Welt Länder bereits anfangen uns militärisch davon zu ziehen:

https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/08/mi...e-uav.html

[Quintus Fabius]

In Zukunft werden Drohnen mittlerer Größe immer mehr das Problem haben, dass sie keine Landebahnen mehr benutzen können, weshalb in einem größeren konventionellen Bereich die Fähigkeit Senkrecht zu starten und zu landen immer wichtiger wird. Heli-Drohnen aber haben wieder erhebliche Nachteile in Sachen Geschwindigkeit, Reichweite und vor allem Ausdauer und verschenken vor allem bei letztgenanntem Punkt den entscheidenden Vorteil von Drohnen. Die Lösung sind Drohnen welche ohne Kipprotor einfach senkrecht landen und starten können - aber ansonsten regulär mit ihren Tragflächen fliegen, wie das folgende Expemplar:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVcIm5ZW8kk

https://martinuav.com/v-bat/

Je näher am Feind, desto wichtiger wird diese Fähigkeit für die Schlachtfliegerei der Zukunft werden und desto schlecht wird es um die bisherigen konventionellen Konzepte bestellt sein.

[Broensen]

In Zukunft werden Drohnen mittlerer Größe immer mehr das Problem haben, dass sie keine Landebahnen mehr benutzen können, weshalb in einem größeren konventionellen Bereich die Fähigkeit Senkrecht zu starten und zu landen immer wichtiger wird.

Entscheidend wird in einem konventionellen Szenario mMn auch sein, die Drohnen mit geschützten Fahrzeugen zu verbinden, so dass diese unter Schutz gestartet und wieder aufgenommen werden können. Eine Fähigkeit, die bisher noch viel zu kurz kommt.

[Quintus Fabius]

Ukrainische Marine-Drohnen - in Wahrheit natürlich türkische TB-2 der ukrainischen Marine:

Black Sea Hunters (lässiger Name)

https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/08/bl...2s-in.html

A concrete example through which the TB2 in naval service can serve as a force multiplier is by locating enemy ships in the Black Sea and relaying their location to ground-based assets such as coastal defence missile systems (CDS). CDS are a relatively new capability for Ukraine's Armed Forces, and the country has focused on building up such a capability through the introduction of the RK-360MT Neptune anti-ship cruise missiles with a range of 280km. Instead of constructing small missile boats, production of large numbers of such land-based anti-ship missile systems could serve to enhance survivability of Ukraine's CDS assets, maintaining its newly wrought deterrent for longer should war erupt. Achieving this goal appears well underway, and Ukraine hopes to have three divisions equipped with the Neptune CDS operational by 2025.

[Quintus Fabius]

Erste Infor zur neuen türkischen TB-3 Drohne:

https://warisboring.com/turkish-company-...air-force/

“Bayraktar TB3 will be larger than the current TB2 model and will be able to land and take off from warships. The first flight of TB3 is scheduled for 2022,” Bayraktar said.

Die Akindschi (Renner und Brenner) - eine interessante Namenswahl wenn man bedenkt was diese Truppe historisch war:

https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/08/a-...rfare.html

The Bayraktar Akıncı unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) introduces a number of novel capabilities to the field of unmanned aerial warfare. These include several features not seen on any other type of UAV in the world before, most notably the ability to launch 250+km-ranged high-precision cruise missiles and beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles (BVRAAMs) at targets as far as 100 kilometres away. These capabilities in practice turn the Akıncı into the first production multi-role unmanned combat aircraft in the world.

Although already an unusually diverse platform, the Akıncı's huge payload capacity of 1.500kg, the variety of its weapon loadouts and its 24+-hour endurance mean that it is also well suited to take over many of the ground attack missions currently assigned to Turkey's 240-strong F-16 fleet.

As Baykar continues weapons systems integration on the Akıncı, several types of guided munitions are currently being tested to verify their use from the new platform. This already included the MAM-T with a range of just under 40km (compared to upwards of 14km on the MAM-L). The MAM-T will serve alongside the Teber, LGK, KGK and (L)HGK family of precision-guided munitions also destined for use on the Akıncı. These munitions consist of indigenously designed guidance kits mated to locally produced Mark-82, Mark-83 and Mark-84 iron bombs.

Especially the 900kg weighing Mark-84 is a daunting piece of armament, and also the heaviest bomb ever to be integrated on a drone. When fitted with a GPS/INS guidance kit, the bomb is known as the HGK-84. The HGK-84 can attain ranges of up to 28km (or 22km when launched from lower altitude), while a different variant known as the LHGK-84 is fitted with a laser-guidance kit for increased accuracy. [3] Yet another variant, the NEB-84, is a (guided) penetrator bomb designed for use against hardened surface and underground targets such as bridges and bunkers.

To accommodate the seemingly endless variety of munitions, the Akıncı features up to eight underwing hardpoints and another one under its fuselage for a total of nine hardpoints.

Arguably the most innovative aspect of the Akıncı is its future capability to use air-to-air missiles (AAMs), consisting of the indigenous Bozdoğan IR-guided AAM and the (fire-and-forget) Gökdoğan BVRAAM, which uses an active solid-state radar to guide itself towards its target. The Akıncı's AESA radar should enable it to autonomously pick out its targets at great range, and then engage them to hunt enemy slow-flying aircraft, drones and helicopters and to guard other drones. Though BVRAAM-armed Akıncıs would present a greater challenge than most air forces could hope to face, medium-range AAMs like the Bozdoğan could present a threat even to opposing fighter aircraft, being fast, very manoeuvrable (having off-boresight capabilities) as well as highly resistant to electronic countermeasures.

Eine zwingende Schlußfolgerung ist, dass man sehr viel mehr und sehr viel leistungsfähigere EloKa am Boden braucht und dies auf allen Ebenen. Die andere ist, dass man mehr Systeme welche man sonst nicht so dafür andenken würde (Artillerie) zur Luftraumverteidigung befähigen muss. Haubitzen müssen auch gegen Luftziele einsetzbar sein (Artillerie benutzt ohnehin Radar) und ebenso auch Raketenartillerie.

[Quintus Fabius]

Iranische Drohnen im Irak:

https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/08/th...-iraq.html

The profileration of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) has accelerated since the turn of the century, with many countries either already possessing armed drones or currently looking to acquire them. Much less common however is the acquisition of UCAVs by a non-state actor. Intriguingly, this is exactly what has happened in Iraq, where the Popular Mobilisation Units (PMU) have managed to acquire several Mohajer-6s UCAVs from Iran.

Selbst Milizen haben also schon leistungsfähige Drohnen. Das sind übrigens die gleichen iranischen Systeme welche in Äthiopien eingesetzt werden.

[Quintus Fabius]

Pakistanisch-Chinesische Drohnen:

https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/09/li...ucavs.html

The presence of Chinese unmanned aerial combat vehicles (UCAVs) in the ranks of the Pakistani Armed Forces has long been the subject of speculation in the press. No ground images have ever been released that could confirm the presence of the UCAVs on Pakistani soil, further adding to the speculation. Even though Pakistan has so far managed to keep the status of its Chinese-delivered UCAVs highly elusive, a large amount of information can be found through open-source investigations. This reveals an extensive arsenal of Chinese-made UCAVs that are currently in service with the various branches of the Pakistani Armed Forces.

[Quintus Fabius]

Chinesische Drohnen vor Japans Küsten:

https://defence-blog.com/japanese-jets-i...nt-drones/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengden_TB-001

The TB-001, most recently nicknamed Twin-Tailed Scorpion, is a strike-capable, reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle designed by Sichuan Tengden. It is a twin-engine, double-tail drone. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 2.8 tons, a range of more than 3,700 miles, and provisions to carry two 220-pound bombs or missiles.

Und kostengünstige Stealth-Drohnen:

https://defence-blog.com/kratos-unveils-...mspo-2021/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFhK2KMQ7o4

The XQ-58A is a low-cost tactical Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) designed to deliver a combination of long-range, high-speed, and maneuverability along with the capability to deliver a mix of lethal weapons from its internal bomb bay and wing stations.

Kratos says the XQ-58 Valkyrie is an experimental stealthy unmanned combat aerial vehicle designed and built by the company for the United States Air Force Low-Cost Attritable Strike Demonstrator program, under the USAF Research Laboratory’s Low-Cost Attritable Aircraft Technology (LCAAT) project portfolio.

The newly UAS reportedly will have an impressive range of more than 4,800 kilometers. It also can carry a payload of 272 kg, including small-diameter bombs and missiles.

Welche meiner Ansicht nach besonders für die Bundeswehr interessant wären. Sie würden sich meiner Meinung nach insbesondere für den osteurpäischen Kriegsraum eignen. Ebenso wie die folgende vom gleichen Hersteller:

Der Airwolf:

https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/42...ical-drone

https://www.thedrive.com/content-b/messa...quality=60

[Quintus Fabius]

Zur Mini Harpy aus Israel:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBmhJ-jrzrc

https://defence-blog.com/iai-unveils-lat...in-greece/

Solche Loitering Munition könnte im konventionellen Krieg die Zukunft der Schlachtfliegerei sein, anstelle von dezidierten Erdkampfflugzeugen oder Kampfhubschraubern. McGregor hatte bei seinen Planspielen schon vor Jahren dezidierte Strike-Einheiten angedacht, deren Kampfkraft sich primär aus solcher Loitering Munition heraus bildet.

Da die Bundeswehr derart Schwach in der Luft-Boden Rolle aufgestellt ist, könnte man hier als eine Chance betrachten - den rein theoretisch würde es damit leichter fallen komplett neue Strukturen aufzustellen, welche die bereits organisch auf fast nichts abgeschmolzenen überkommenen Systeme ablösen. Beispielsweise könnte man dne Tiger ersatzlos einfach zeitnah auslaufen lassen und statt einen Kampfhubschrauber-Regiment aus dem bestehenden Personal desselben ein solches Kampfdrohnen-Regiment aufstellen. Man müsste halt aus politischen Gründen das Wort Drohne hier vermeiden und behaupten dass sei eine Art moderne Raketenartillerie oder sonstwie eine rethorische Verbrämung dafür finden.

Gerade die Mini Harpy würde sich aufgrund Größe, Preis und Betriebskosten spezifisch für die Bundeswehr und Osteuropa besonders anbieten. Zudem wäre sie meiner Meinung nach besonders dafür geeignete erste Einheiten aufzustellen die mit einfacher KI im Schwarm vollautonom agieren um damit Luftminenfelder zu legen.