Zitat:"Archäologie
Entdeckten die Kelten Amerika?

Zitat:Die Katharger waren Nachfahren der Phönizier (um die Zusammenhänge zwischen Phöniziern und Kathargern zu erklären, da beide Begriffe hier genannt werden).

Zitat:Welchen Sinn hätte es für die Phönizier gehabt, über so lange Zeit einen wichtigen Stützpunkt am Atlantik vorzuhalten, wenn nicht von dort weitere Handelswege zu anderen Zielen bestanden hätten?

Zitat:Das letzte bekannte Siedlungsgebiet des Stammes schließt sich allerdings östlich des Maranon an das Inka-Reich an, liegt also ausserhalb des Verbreitungsgebietes der bisher diskutierten "Bio-Erde-Vorkommen" des Urwalds. Allerdings sind die Chachapoya erst ca. 800 n. Chr. in diesem Siedlungsgebiet aufgetaucht.

Zitat:Huge network of ancient cities uncovered in the Amazon rainforest

(CNN) — Archaeologists working deep in the Amazon rainforest have discovered an extensive network of cities dating back 2,500 years.

The highly structured pre-Hispanic settlements, with wide streets and long, straight roads, plazas and clusters of monumental platforms were found in the Upano Valley of Amazonian Ecuador, in the eastern foothills of the Andes, according to a study published in the journal Science on Thursday. The discovery of the earliest and largest urban network of built and dug features in the Amazon so far was the result of more than two decades of investigations in the region by the team from France, Germany, Ecuador and Puerto Rico. [...]

The research began with fieldwork before deploying a remote sensing method called light detection and ranging, or lidar, which used laser light to detect structures below the thick tree canopies. Lead study author Stéphen Rostain, an archeologist and director of Research at France’s National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), described the discovery as “incredible.” [...]

However, between approximately 500 BCE and 300 to 600 CE, the Kilamope and later Upano cultures began to build mounds and set their houses on earthen platforms, according to the study authors. These platforms would be organized around a low, square plaza. [...]

The team also discovered monumental complexes with much larger platforms, which, they said, probably had a civic or ceremonial function.

At least 15 clusters of complexes identified as settlements were discovered. Some settlements were protected by ditches, while there were obstructions to roads near some of the large complexes. This suggests the settlements were exposed to threats, either external or resulting from tension between groups, the researchers said. Even the most isolated complexes were linked by pathways and an extensive network of larger, straight roads with curbs. [...] The overall organization of the cities suggests “the existence of advanced engineering” at the time, according to the study authors, who concluded that the garden urbanism of the Upano Valley “provides further proof that Amazonia is not the pristine forest once depicted.”

Zitat:Der Mythos vom unberührten Amazonaswald
03.03.2017
MPIC / AB
Forschung Veröffentlichungen
Ureinwohner hinterließen Spuren im Regenwald indem sie Baumarten domestizierten
Bäume, die von präkolumbianischen Völkern domestiziert wurden, spielen bis heute eine wichtige Rolle in den Wäldern des Amazonas-Beckens. Die Vorstellung, dass die ausgedehnten Regenwälder vor der Ankunft der Spanier in Südamerika unberührt von menschlichem Einfluss waren, hat damit einen Dämpfer erhalten.
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